{"id":61882,"date":"2026-11-13T16:43:23","date_gmt":"2026-11-13T14:43:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atlatszo.ro\/?p=61882"},"modified":"2026-11-13T14:43:25","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T12:43:25","slug":"dan-tanasa-cadru-legislativ-protectia-minoritatilor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atlatszo.ro\/ro\/fact-check\/dan-tanasa-cadru-legislativ-protectia-minoritatilor\/","title":{"rendered":"Rom\u00e2nia, paradisul minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

FALS | Dan Tanas\u0103 a afirmat c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 niciun alt cadru legislativ care s\u0103 protejeze mai bine identitatea, cultura \u0219i limba minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale dec\u00e2t cel din Rom\u00e2nia.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potrivit lui Dan Tanas\u0103, vicepre\u0219edinte AUR \u0219i deputat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eNu exist\u0103 un niciun cadru legislativ care s\u0103 protejeze mai bine identitatea, cultura \u0219i limba minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale cum este \u00een dec\u00e2t cel din Rom\u00e2nia.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sursa afirma\u021biei este \u00eenregistrarea dezbaterii parlamentare din 23 septembrie, disponibil\u0103 aici<\/a>. Afirma\u021bia propriu-zis\u0103 poate fi auzit\u0103 la minutul 1:59:50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dan Tanas\u0103 a intrat \u00een conflict cu UDMR \u00een timpul dezbaterii parlamentare privind drepturile de utilizare a limbilor minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale. Proiectul legislativ ini\u021biat de UDMR ar garanta dreptul de a folosi limba matern\u0103 chiar \u0219i \u00een cazul \u00een care ponderea unei minorit\u0103\u021bi na\u021bionale scade sub pragul de 20% \u00eentr-o localitate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201e\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te drepturile comunit\u0103\u021bii maghiare din Rom\u00e2nia, eu cred c\u0103 minorit\u0103\u021bile maghiare \u2013 \u0219i minorit\u0103\u021bile \u00een general, , nu doar cea maghiar\u0103 \u2013 cred c\u0103 au drepturi vaste,  ample. Un cadru legislativ care protejeaz\u0103 minorit\u0103\u021bile de genul celui care exist\u0103\u00een Rom\u00e2nia nu exist\u0103 nic\u0103ieri \u00een lume, nici m\u0103car \u00een Ungaria. Nu exist\u0103 un cadru legislativ care s\u0103 protejeze mai bine identitatea, cultura \u0219i limba minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale cum este \u00een Rom\u00e2nia\u201d, sus\u021bine Tanas\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dezbaterea integral\u0103 poate fi urm\u0103rit\u0103 \u00eentre minutele 1:41 \u0219i 2:03 \u00een \u00eenregistrarea oficial\u0103<\/a> a Camerei Deputa\u021bilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen expunerea de motive<\/a> a proiectului, UDMR a argumentat c\u0103, prin aceast\u0103 modificare legislativ\u0103<\/a>, ar consolida drepturile lingvistice deja dob\u00e2ndite \u00een localit\u0103\u021bile \u00een care, la validarea rezultatelor urm\u0103torului recens\u0103m\u00e2nt, se va constata c\u0103 ponderea popula\u021biei maghiare a sc\u0103zut sub pragul actual de 20%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen Rom\u00e2nia, drepturile lingvistice trebuie asigurate, pentru o perioad\u0103 determinat\u0103, respectiv p\u00e2n\u0103 la validarea rezultatelor urm\u0103torului recens\u0103m\u00e2nt, \u00een administra\u021bia local\u0103 \u0219i jude\u021bean\u0103 din unit\u0103\u021bile administrativ-teritoriale \u00een care ponderea unei minorit\u0103\u021bi na\u021bionale dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te 20%. Dac\u0103 aceast\u0103 pondere scade sub pragul de 20%, autorit\u0103\u021bile locale pot decide dac\u0103 men\u021bin sau nu dreptul minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale de a-\u0219i folosi limba matern\u0103 \u00een administra\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Propunerea UDMR ar modifica aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie prin eliminarea condi\u021biei legate de rezultatele recens\u0103m\u00e2ntului din articolul 604, alineatul (1), al Ordonan\u021bei de Urgen\u021b\u0103 nr. 57\/2019 privind Codul administrativ<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potrivit deputatului AUR, propunerea legislativ\u0103 ar urm\u0103ri, \u00een realitate, consolidarea statutului deja semi-oficial al limbii maghiare \u00een jude\u021bele Harghita \u0219i Covasna, unde popula\u021bia maghiar\u0103 este majoritar\u0103. Tanas\u0103 sus\u021bine c\u0103 adev\u0103ratul obiectiv al UDMR ar fi transformarea limbii maghiare \u00een limb\u0103 oficial\u0103 \u0219i, implicit, erodarea statutului oficial al limbii rom\u00e2ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tanas\u0103: \u201eAici nu e Ungaria, aici e Rom\u00e2nia, ok?\u201d<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dezbaterea s-a \u00eendep\u0103rtat rapid de la subiectul ini\u021bial. Tanas\u0103 l-a atacat pe ini\u021biatorul propunerii legislative, Mark\u00f3 Attila, invoc\u00e2nd faptul c\u0103 acesta a fost cercetat anterior \u00eentr-un dosar de corup\u021bie. Mark\u00f3 a fost \u00eens\u0103 achitat de instan\u021b\u0103 \u00een 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen replic\u0103, Csoma Botond, purt\u0103torul de cuv\u00e2nt al UDMR, \u0219i deputatul USR Alexandru-Paul Dimitriu au acuzat AUR de dublu standard, amintind c\u0103 forma\u021biunea l-a sus\u021binut pe C\u0103lin Georgescu, care fusese plasat \u00een arest preventiv \u00een contextul suspiciunilor de fraud\u0103 \u0219i criminalitate organizat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00centre interven\u021biile celor doi, Dan Tanas\u0103 a luat din nou cuv\u00e2ntul \u0219i, chiar la \u00eenceputul discursului, a lansat \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103, apoi \u0219i \u00een maghiar\u0103, cu un u\u0219or accent secuiesc, replica: \u201eAici nu e Ungaria, aici e Rom\u00e2nia, ok?\u201d. El a acuzat UDMR c\u0103 a ob\u021binut, prin \u201e\u0219antaj ordinar \u0219i mizerabil\u201d, transformarea limbii maghiare \u00eentr-o limb\u0103 oficial\u0103 de facto<\/em> \u00een cele dou\u0103 jude\u021be secuie\u0219ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, majoritatea deputa\u021bilor au votat \u00eempotriva propunerii legislative (157 pentru respingere, 81 \u00eempotriv\u0103, 13 ab\u021bineri). Cu toate acestea, proiectul a fost transmis Senatului \u00een forma ini\u021bial\u0103, deoarece Camera Deputa\u021bilor a dep\u0103\u0219it termenul de 60 de zile pentru emiterea unei hot\u0103r\u00e2ri oficiale de respingere. Astfel, proiectul a fost considerat \u201eadoptat tacit\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Senatul l-a \u00eenregistrat \u00een forma ini\u021bial\u0103<\/a>, iar comisiile pentru administra\u021bie public\u0103 \u0219i juridic\u0103 ale camerei superioare urmau, teoretic, s\u0103 se pronun\u021be p\u00e2n\u0103 la 3 noiembrie. Ulterior, proiectul va fi supus dezbaterii \u00een plen, unde este de a\u0219teptat o confruntare cu miz\u0103 real\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce verific\u0103m?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 nic\u0103ieri \u00een lume un cadru legislativ care s\u0103 protejeze mai bine identitatea, cultura \u0219i limba minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale dec\u00e2t cel din Rom\u00e2nia?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Verificarea<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Comitetul consultativ al Conven\u021biei-cadru a Consiliului Europei pentru protec\u021bia minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale a eviden\u021biat, \u00een evaluarea publicat\u0103 \u00een 2023<\/a>, mai multe deficien\u021be concrete ale sistemului rom\u00e2nesc, inclusiv problemele generate de aplicarea rigid\u0103 a pragului de 20% (PDF, pagina 4).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mai mult, Comitetul consider\u0103 actuala reglementare un regres fa\u021b\u0103 de legisla\u021bia anterioar\u0103 anului 2019, c\u00e2nd men\u021binerea drepturilor nu era condi\u021bionat\u0103 de un termen de expirare, respectiv de urm\u0103torul recens\u0103m\u00e2nt. Articolul 131 din vechea lege<\/a> prevedea c\u0103 dispozi\u021biile privind utilizarea limbilor minorit\u0103\u021bilor trebuiau aplicate chiar \u0219i \u00een cazul \u00een care ponderea cet\u0103\u021benilor apar\u021bin\u00e2nd unei minorit\u0103\u021bi sc\u0103dea ulterior sub 20%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comitetul consultativ recomand\u0103 introducerea unor praguri alternative, deoarece \u00een unele localit\u0103\u021bi poate exista o comunitate minoritar\u0103 numeroas\u0103 chiar dac\u0103 ponderea acesteia nu atinge 20%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De exemplu, la Cluj-Napoca, potrivit recens\u0103m\u00e2ntului din 2021<\/a>, pu\u021bin sub 12% din popula\u021bie s-a declarat de etnie maghiar\u0103, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 peste 33.000 de locuitori. Cei 10.000 de maghiari din Arad reprezint\u0103 doar aproximativ 7% din popula\u021bia ora\u0219ului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Praguri alternative<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, Rom\u00e2nia aplic\u0103, cel pu\u021bin la nivel legislativ, un astfel de prag alternativ \u00eenc\u0103 din 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potrivit articolului 7, litera m), din Legea nr. 95\/2006 privind reforma \u00een domeniul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii, modificat \u00een 2017<\/a>, \u00een unit\u0103\u021bile administrativ-teritoriale \u00een care o minoritate na\u021bional\u0103 reprezint\u0103 peste 20% din popula\u021bie sau num\u0103r\u0103 cel pu\u021bin 5.000 de persoane<\/strong>, trebuie asigurat personal medical sau din domeniul asisten\u021bei sociale care cunoa\u0219te limba minorit\u0103\u021bii respective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evaluarea Consiliului Europei din 2023 a semnalat \u00eens\u0103 lipsa normelor \u0219i a metodologiei necesare pentru aplicarea acestei prevederi, precum \u0219i absen\u021ba unor m\u0103suri de recrutare \u021bintit\u0103 a personalului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un alt dezavantaj pentru minorit\u0103\u021bile na\u021bionale este faptul c\u0103, \u00een Rom\u00e2nia, la recens\u0103m\u00e2nt se putea declara  o singur\u0103 etnie. Aceast\u0103 limitare restr\u00e2nge posibilit\u0103\u021bile de autoidentificare ale persoanelor care simt c\u0103 apar\u021bin simultan mai multor comunit\u0103\u021bi etnice, de exemplu cele provenite din familii mixte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potrivit Comitetului consultativ, posibilitatea declar\u0103rii unei identit\u0103\u021bi multiple<\/strong> ar putea fi important\u0103 \u0219i pentru persoanele care, de teama stigmatiz\u0103rii, nu \u0219i-ar declara altfel identitatea minoritar\u0103. Raportul men\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een mod special acest risc \u00een cazul romilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen Slovacia<\/strong>, de exemplu, la ultimul recens\u0103m\u00e2nt, cet\u0103\u021benii au avut posibilitatea s\u0103 declare dou\u0103 na\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi. Acest lucru nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 automat c\u0103 situa\u021bia minorit\u0103\u021bilor este mai favorabil\u0103 acolo. Dimpotriv\u0103, Consiliul Europei a criticat Slovacia \u00een mai multe privin\u021be. Am scris anterior, pe larg, despre situa\u021bia maghiarilor din cele dou\u0103 \u021b\u0103ri \u00een acest articol<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pragul \u00een practic\u0103<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Raportul Consiliului Europei privind Rom\u00e2nia atrage aten\u021bia \u0219i asupra faptului c\u0103 dreptul de a utiliza limba minorit\u0103\u021bilor nu este asigurat pe deplin nici \u00een localit\u0103\u021bile \u00een care ponderea acestora dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te pragul legal<\/strong>. De exemplu, documentele oficiale nu sunt traduse sau anumite institu\u021bii publice nu angajeaz\u0103 personal care cunoa\u0219te limbile minorit\u0103\u021bilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 observa\u021biile referitoare la drepturile lingvistice, raportul abordeaz\u0103 \u00een mai multe puncte \u0219i discriminarea structural\u0103 la care sunt supu\u0219i romii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evaluarea eviden\u021biaz\u0103, \u00een acela\u0219i timp, \u0219i punctele forte ale sistemului rom\u00e2nesc. Cadrul juridic \u0219i de politici publice privind protec\u021bia minorit\u0103\u021bilor este descris, \u00een ansamblu, ca fiind solid, iar sprijinul financiar consistent acordat de stat pentru conservarea culturilor minoritare este recunoscut ca un aspect pozitiv.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raportul men\u021bioneaz\u0103, de asemenea, educa\u021bia \u00een dou\u0103sprezece limbi minoritare \u0219i m\u0103surile care faciliteaz\u0103 participarea politic\u0103 a minorit\u0103\u021bilor. Reglement\u0103rile din Rom\u00e2nia permit organiza\u021biilor minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale care nu ating pragul electoral de 5% s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 totu\u0219i mandate \u00een Camera Deputa\u021bilor. Spre deosebire de Rom\u00e2nia, \u00een Slovacia nu exist\u0103 o garan\u021bie distinct\u0103 a reprezent\u0103rii parlamentare pentru minorit\u0103\u021bile na\u021bionale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dar este Rom\u00e2nia \u021bara cu cel mai bun sistem de protec\u021bie a minorit\u0103\u021bilor din lume?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a r\u0103spunde la aceast\u0103 \u00eentrebare, merit\u0103 s\u0103 compar\u0103m legisla\u021bia rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, pe mai multe criterii, cu cea din \u021b\u0103ri cunoscute pentru situa\u021bia favorabil\u0103 a minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale: Finlanda, provincia Tirolul de Sud din Italia, Elve\u021bia \u0219i, \u00een anumite privin\u021be, Slovenia. \u00cen compara\u021bie includem \u0219i Ungaria, din moment ce Dan Tanas\u0103 a men\u021bionat-o \u00een mod expres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vom compara reprezentarea politic\u0103, educa\u021bia \u00een limba matern\u0103, utilizarea limbilor minoritare \u00een administra\u021bie \u0219i aplicarea efectiv\u0103 a drepturilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tirolul de Sud din Italia ridic\u0103 \u0219tacheta<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen Tirolul de Sud, exercitarea drepturilor lingvistice este sus\u021binut\u0103 \u0219i de autonomie. Comunitatea germanofon\u0103, minoritar\u0103 la nivelul Italiei, reprezint\u0103 majoritatea popula\u021biei provinciei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potrivit recens\u0103m\u00e2ntului grupurilor lingvistice din 2024<\/a>, dintre persoanele care \u0219i-au declarat apartenen\u021ba lingvistic\u0103, 68,61% apar\u021bin grupului german, 26,98% celui italian \u0219i 4,41% celui ladin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Provincia autonom\u0103 dispune de competen\u021be legislative proprii, iar germana are statut egal cu italiana \u00een comunicarea oficial\u0103, at\u00e2t oral\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i scris\u0103. Membrii comunit\u0103\u021bii ladine, mult mai mic\u0103 ca num\u0103r, \u00ee\u0219i pot folosi oficial limba matern\u0103<\/a> \u00een institu\u021biile din regiunile lor, precum \u0219i \u00een administra\u021biile provinciale care se ocup\u0103 \u00een mod special de problemele lor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen sistemul de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt func\u021bioneaz\u0103 re\u021bele \u0219colare distincte cu predare \u00een german\u0103 \u0219i italian\u0103<\/strong>, iar \u00een localit\u0103\u021bile ladine exist\u0103 un sistem de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt multilingv, care include toate cele trei limbi \u0219i, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu engleza obligatorie, chiar patru limbi. Autonomia protejeaz\u0103 nu doar educa\u021bia \u00een limba matern\u0103, ci \u0219i sistemele \u0219colare proprii ale comunit\u0103\u021bilor lingvistice \u0219i participarea acestora la deciziile din domeniul educa\u021biei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Utilizarea limbilor \u00een administra\u021bie este sus\u021binut\u0103 \u0219i prin cerin\u021be privind competen\u021bele lingvistice ale personalului<\/strong>. Candida\u021bii la posturile din administra\u021bia provincial\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 prezinte certificate de bilingvism, la nivelul corespunz\u0103tor func\u021biei, care s\u0103 ateste cunoa\u0219terea limbilor german\u0103 \u0219i italian\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen serviciul public se aplic\u0103 principiul propor\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii lingvistice, cunoscut sub numele de Proporz<\/em>: posturile vizate de aceast\u0103 regul\u0103 sunt repartizate grupurilor lingvistice \u00een func\u021bie de ponderea lor \u00een popula\u021bie. Pentru posturile rezervate grupului lingvistic ladin este necesar\u0103 o certificare a cunoa\u0219terii a trei limbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen cazul \u00eenc\u0103lc\u0103rii drepturilor lingvistice, cet\u0103\u021benii pot depune o pl\u00e2ngere<\/a> la o institu\u021bie provincial\u0103 specializat\u0103, Amt f\u00fcr Landessprachen und B\u00fcrgerrechte<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen Finlanda, fiecare al treilea locuitor tr\u0103ie\u0219te \u00eentr-o localitate bilingv\u0103<\/strong>,<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

potrivit statisticilor oficiale<\/a>, suedeza este limba matern\u0103 a aproximativ 5% din popula\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0218i \u00een Finlanda, clasificarea lingvistic\u0103 a localit\u0103\u021bilor este stabilit\u0103 pentru o perioad\u0103 determinat\u0103. Guvernul decide o dat\u0103 la zece ani care municipalit\u0103\u021bi sunt monolingve \u00een finlandez\u0103 sau suedez\u0103 \u0219i care sunt bilingve. Clasificarea se bazeaz\u0103 pe datele lingvistice din registrul popula\u021biei. Clasificarea actual\u0103 este valabil\u0103 pentru perioada 2023\u20132032.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Localit\u0103\u021bile sunt considerate bilingve dac\u0103 cel pu\u021bin 8% din popula\u021bie sau minimum 3.000 de locuitori apar\u021bin comunit\u0103\u021bii lingvistice minoritare<\/strong>. A\u0219adar, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 ponderea procentual\u0103, este luat \u00een considerare \u0219i num\u0103rul absolut al vorbitorilor minoritari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Statutul automat de localitate bilingv\u0103 \u00eenceteaz\u0103 dac\u0103 ponderea popula\u021biei minoritare scade sub 6% sau num\u0103rul acesteia ajunge sub 3.000 de persoane. Exist\u0103, a\u0219adar, o marj\u0103 de protec\u021bie de dou\u0103 puncte procentuale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Totu\u0219i, la solicitarea consiliului local, guvernul poate acorda statutul de localitate bilingv\u0103 \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendeplinirea pragurilor, pentru urm\u0103torul interval de zece ani. A\u0219a s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat, de exemplu, \u00een cazul localit\u0103\u021bii Lohja, pentru perioada 2023\u20132032.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen Finlanda func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u0219coli cu predare \u00een finlandez\u0103 \u0219i suedez\u0103. Dreptul de a utiliza cele dou\u0103 limbi na\u021bionale nu se limiteaz\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 la localit\u0103\u021bile bilingve: autorit\u0103\u021bile administra\u021biei publice centrale, inclusiv ministerele, sunt \u0219i ele bilingve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elve\u021bia<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Germana, franceza \u0219i italiana sunt limbi oficiale la nivel federal \u00een Elve\u021bia<\/strong>, iar retoromana este limb\u0103 oficial\u0103 \u00een rela\u021biile cu persoanele care vorbesc aceast\u0103 limb\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Potrivit articolului 70 din Constitu\u021bia Elve\u021biei<\/a>, cantoanele \u00ee\u0219i stabilesc propriile limbi oficiale, \u021bin\u00e2nd cont de teritoriile lingvistice tradi\u021bionale \u0219i de minorit\u0103\u021bile lingvistice autohtone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nici aici aplicarea drepturilor nu este lipsit\u0103 de probleme: evaluarea Consiliului Europei<\/a> a solicitat o utilizare mai extins\u0103 a limbilor italian\u0103 \u0219i retoroman\u0103 \u00een via\u021ba economic\u0103 \u0219i social\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen unele localit\u0103\u021bi din Slovenia, maghiara \u0219i italiana sunt, de asemenea, limbi oficiale<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen Slovenia, recens\u0103m\u00e2ntul bazat pe registre, utilizat din 2011, nu mai colecteaz\u0103 date complete privind apartenen\u021ba etnic\u0103. Cu toate acestea, drepturile lingvistice ale celor dou\u0103 comunit\u0103\u021bi autohtone \u2013 italian\u0103 \u0219i maghiar\u0103 \u2013 sunt garantate de legisla\u021bia sloven\u0103, indiferent de num\u0103rul membrilor acestora, \u00een localit\u0103\u021bile \u00een care tr\u0103iesc \u00een mod tradi\u021bional<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen aceste localit\u0103\u021bi, maghiara, respectiv italiana, sunt limbi oficiale<\/a>, al\u0103turi de limba sloven\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exist\u0103 institu\u021bii de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt cu predare bilingv\u0103 maghiar\u0103-sloven\u0103, respectiv \u00een limba italian\u0103, de la gr\u0103dini\u021b\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la liceu. La nivel universitar, \u00eens\u0103, oferta de specializ\u0103ri \u00een maghiar\u0103 sau italian\u0103 este limitat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De\u0219i evaluarea Consiliului Europei din 2025 recunoa\u0219te<\/a> un nivel ridicat de protec\u021bie juridic\u0103, lipsa profesorilor \u0219i a func\u021bionarilor publici care cunosc suficient de bine aceste limbi \u00eengreuneaz\u0103 aplicarea efectiv\u0103 a drepturilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen Ungaria, unul dintre principalele instrumente de protec\u021bie a minorit\u0103\u021bilor este sistemul autoguvern\u0103rilor na\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bilor<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Acestea pot administra \u0219i institu\u021bii de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt \u0219i culturale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evaluarea publicat\u0103 de Consiliul Europei \u00een martie 2026<\/a> recunoa\u0219te existen\u021ba unui cadru juridic \u0219i institu\u021bional solid, precum \u0219i a unei re\u021bele de gr\u0103dini\u021be \u0219i \u0219coli destinate minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Totu\u0219i, educa\u021bia este organizat\u0103 \u00een forme diferite. \u00cen unele institu\u021bii, limba minorit\u0103\u021bii este limba de predare, \u00een altele se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 educa\u021bie bilingv\u0103, iar \u00een unele \u0219coli limba minoritar\u0103 este predat\u0103 doar ca disciplin\u0103. Aceste forme nu ofer\u0103 acelea\u0219i posibilit\u0103\u021bi de utilizare a limbii materne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raportul men\u021bioneaz\u0103 drept probleme lipsa manualelor \u0219i deficitul de cadre didactice capabile s\u0103 predea discipline \u00een limbile minorit\u0103\u021bilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te utilizarea limbilor minoritare \u00een administra\u021bie, unele garan\u021bii din Ungaria sunt condi\u021bionate de un prag mai sc\u0103zut dec\u00e2t \u00een Rom\u00e2nia. Potrivit articolului 6 din Legea privind drepturile minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale<\/a>, de la un prag de 10%, la solicitarea autoguvern\u0103rii na\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii \u00een cauz\u0103, trebuie asigurate, de exemplu, formulare administrative, hot\u0103r\u00e2ri \u0219i anun\u021buri \u00een limba minorit\u0103\u021bii. Pentru alte obliga\u021bii se aplic\u0103 un prag de 20%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acest lucru nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 c\u0103 drepturile sunt exercitate efectiv. Potrivit Consiliului Europei, \u00een pofida posibilit\u0103\u021bilor prev\u0103zute de lege, limbile minorit\u0103\u021bilor sunt rareori folosite \u00een administra\u021bie \u0219i \u00een instan\u021be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Concluzie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Afirma\u021bia lui Dan Tanas\u0103 este fals\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eUn cadru legislativ pentru protec\u021bia minorit\u0103\u021bilor precum cel existent \u00een Rom\u00e2nia nu exist\u0103 nic\u0103ieri \u00een lume, nici m\u0103car \u00een Ungaria. Nu exist\u0103 niciun cadru legislativ care s\u0103 protejeze mai bine identitatea, cultura \u0219i limba minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale dec\u00e2t cel din Rom\u00e2nia.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Afirma\u021bia categoric\u0103 a lui Dan Tanas\u0103, potrivit c\u0103reia nic\u0103ieri \u00een lume nu exist\u0103 un cadru legislativ care s\u0103 protejeze mai bine identitatea, cultura \u0219i limba minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale dec\u00e2t cel din Rom\u00e2nia, nu este adev\u0103rat\u0103<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este suficient s\u0103 ne uit\u0103m la Tirolul de Sud sau la Finlanda pentru a identifica sisteme care ofer\u0103 garan\u021bii mai extinse \u00een anumite domenii. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, trebuie men\u021bionat c\u0103 multe alte \u021b\u0103ri mai au \u00eenc\u0103 progrese de f\u0103cut \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te protec\u021bia minorit\u0103\u021bilor, inclusiv Rom\u00e2nia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

FALS | Dan Tanas\u0103 a afirmat c\u0103 nu exist\u0103 niciun alt cadru legislativ care s\u0103 protejeze mai bine identitatea, cultura \u0219i limba minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale dec\u00e2t cel din Rom\u00e2nia. Potrivit lui Dan Tanas\u0103, vicepre\u0219edinte AUR \u0219i deputat: \u201eNu exist\u0103 un niciun cadru legislativ care s\u0103 protejeze mai bine identitatea, cultura \u0219i limba minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale cum este […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":40,"featured_media":61710,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5421],"tags":[5423,5422,1638,1401,5224,1310],"ppma_author":[3776],"yoast_head":"\nRom\u00e2nia protejeaz\u0103 cel mai bine minorit\u0103\u021bile na\u021bionale?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dan Tanas\u0103 sus\u021bine c\u0103 Rom\u00e2nia ofer\u0103 cea mai bun\u0103 protec\u021bie legislativ\u0103 minorit\u0103\u021bilor na\u021bionale. 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Szociol\u00f3gia mesterk\u00e9pz\u00e9sen tanultam a Babe\u0219\u2013Bolyai Tudom\u00e1nyegyetemen. 2023-ban gyakornokk\u00e9nt kezdtem el dolgozni az \u00c1tl\u00e1tsz\u00f3 Erd\u00e9lyn\u00e9l, jelenleg \u00e1lland\u00f3 munkat\u00e1rs vagyok.\r\n\r\nNehezen viselem a t\u00e1rsadalmi igazs\u00e1gtalans\u00e1got, ez\u00e9rt keresem azokat az eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket, amivel fel lehet l\u00e9pni ez ellen. \u00cdgy mer\u00fclt fel bennem az \u00fajs\u00e1g\u00edr\u00e1s mint lehet\u0151s\u00e9g a k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gszervez\u0151 \u00e9s p\u00e1lyakezd\u0151 t\u00e1rsadalomkutat\u00f3i tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9geim mellett. \r\n\r\nT\u00e9m\u00e1k, amelyek \u00e9rdekelnek: s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9keny \u00e9s h\u00e1tr\u00e1nyosan megk\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6ztetett t\u00e1rsadalmi csoportok helyzete, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul k\u00fclf\u00f6ldi vend\u00e9gmunk\u00e1sok, menek\u00fcltek, rom\u00e1k, fiatalok, nemek k\u00f6z\u00f6tti k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9gek, valamint alternat\u00edv k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gi, z\u00f6ld \u00e9s fenntarthat\u00f3 gazd\u00e1lkod\u00e1si m\u00f3dozatok. 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