{"id":38508,"date":"2022-06-17T16:07:34","date_gmt":"2022-06-17T16:07:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dev2.atlatszo.exot.hu\/?p=38508"},"modified":"2024-07-12T01:56:17","modified_gmt":"2024-07-11T23:56:17","slug":"minorities-language-rights-romania-public-administration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atlatszo.ro\/en\/english\/minorities-language-rights-romania-public-administration\/","title":{"rendered":"Does the Mother Tongue Cost Too Much?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Minorities in Romania fought hard for the right to use their native tongue at the local level, but more than 20 years after the law changed, its implementation is patchy, BIRN and \u00c1tl\u00e1tsz\u00f3 Erd\u00e9ly have found.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cTough\u201d and \u201cbrutal\u201d is how B\u00e9la Mark\u00f3 recalls his battle on behalf of ethnic minorities like him to use their mother tongue in dealings with Romania\u2019s public administration at the local level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It was 2001 when ethnic Hungarians like Mark\u00f3, then leader of the ethnic Hungarian DAHR party, and 18 other officially recognised minorities won the right to use their native languages in public administration in those regions where they account for more than 20 per cent of the population, overcoming fierce opposition from Romanian nationalists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-atlatszo-erdely wp-block-embed-atlatszo-erdely\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"D5PlgbNMg1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/atlatszo.ro\/legfontosabb\/nyelvi-jogok-kozigazgatas-anyanyelv-nyelvhasznalat\/\">T\u00fal dr\u00e1ga az anyanyelv?<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;&lt;strong&gt;T\u00fal dr\u00e1ga az anyanyelv?&lt;\/strong&gt;&#8221; &#8212; \u00c1tl\u00e1tsz\u00f3 Erd\u00e9ly\" src=\"https:\/\/atlatszo.ro\/legfontosabb\/nyelvi-jogok-kozigazgatas-anyanyelv-nyelvhasznalat\/embed\/#?secret=u1P8gLm01J#?secret=D5PlgbNMg1\" data-secret=\"D5PlgbNMg1\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>The longer, Hungarian version of the current article<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Yet two decades later, with Mark\u00f3 now 71 years old and retired from politics, a joint investigation by BIRN and \u00c1tl\u00e1tsz\u00f3 Erd\u00e9ly has found that those language rights are rarely upheld, in part because the financial burden of implementing the law falls \u201cexclusively\u201d on often cash-strapped local authorities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Istv\u00e1n Horv\u00e1th, professor of sociology at Babes-Bolyai University in Cluj, northwestern Romania, said few minorities are ready to risk the red tape that comes with asserting their language rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAt present, many minority citizens prefer not to assert their language rights in public administration if this means a longer administrative procedure or if it jeopardises the success of their application,\u201d Horv\u00e1th told BIRN.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Court challenges<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ethnic Hungarians are the largest minority group in Romania, accounting for a little over six per cent of the total population of 19 million people, or some 1.2 million. Most of them live in Transylvania, which was part of the Austro-Hungarian empire until 1918. Other ethnic minorities, such as Roma, Ukrainians, Germans, and Serbs, are less numerous and scattered throughout Romania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Under the law, the names of towns, villages and public institutions in areas where a certain ethnic minority represents at least 20 per cent of the population must be displayed in Romanian and the language of that minority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/atlatszo.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/varosnevtabla-vagott.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption>The nameplate at the entrances to Cluj-Napoca, written trilingual after a lengthy lawsuit on the condition that it can be added a sign in Latin, saying that the city was founded by Roman Emperor Hadrian. Photo: T\u00fcnde Szab\u00f3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In practice, this applies to 523 localities across the country, most of them places where ethnic Hungarians live in compact communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hungarian-language signs are often vandalised or challenged in court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Miercurea Ciuc [Cs\u00edkszereda in Hungarian], eastern Transylvania, for example, the mayoralty recently announced it must put up new bilingual street signs because a Romanian national organisation had challenged the current signs in court for placing the Hungarian name above the Romanian. The change will cost some 20,000 euros from the local budget.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deputy mayor B\u00e9la Bors said the law was unclear, but \u201cwe have to respect the decision of the court.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lack of funds, staff<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cases like Miercurea Ciuc are rare, for the very fact that most local authorities in Romania complain they cannot afford to implement the law on minority languages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A 2021 study by the government-supported Department for Interethnic Relations, DRI, found that in many towns and villages where ethnic Hungarians represent more than 20 per cent of the population, the proceedings of the local council are not translated into Hungarian due to a lack of funds and staff.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The situation is even worse in Roma communities, where neither the decisions of the local council nor correspondence of the public administration are translated into Romani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The only example where, on the whole, the law is respected is in eastern Transylvania, in the counties of Harghita and Covasna, where ethnic Hungarians, known locally as Szeklers, account for between 70 and 80 per cent of the population. There, the local administration is staffed mainly by ethnic Hungarians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/atlatszo.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/tablak-vagott.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption>Information for tourists in Cluj-Napoca, middle of Transylvania, mostly visited by tourists from Hungary. There is a theater and opera for the local Hungarians, but the sign post lacks the Hungarian language. Photo: T\u00fcnde Szab\u00f3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The problem is particularly acute in the justice system, where ethnic minorities are frequently denied the right, enshrined in law, to use their mother tongue in legal proceedings. Translation is often unavailable in courts. If it is available, it comes with a fee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The DRI told BIRN it has no legal authority to punish violations of the law on minority languages. County prefectures should monitor the use of minority languages in public administration, but it is questionable how often they really do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2018Significant\u2019 costs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The cost of implementing the law has still to be clearly regulated, and it is \u201csignificant,\u201d said Istv\u00e1n Horv\u00e1th, the Cluj professor, citing data from a recent study he co-authored. \u201cIt is unfair that they [the costs] should be borne exclusively by local administrations,\u201d he told \u00c1tl\u00e1tsz\u00f3 Erd\u00e9ly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some Romanians are suspicious of greater language rights for Hungarians, fearing a push for autonomy for Transylvania. More widespread official use of Hungarian will discourage ethnic Hungarians from learning Romanian, they say.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sociologist Istv\u00e1n Gerg\u0151 Sz\u00e9kely said such fears were unfounded. \u201cIt is unlikely that the wider and better-funded use of minority languages in local government will affect people\u2019s learning of Romanian,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Romania, he said, should work on decentralisation and digitalise access to public services, meaning translation could be automatic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-sinopsis wp-block-embed-sinopsis\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"vgvRoWNwbs\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sinopsis.info.ro\/2022\/05\/26\/drepturile-lingvistice-ale-minoritatilor-costuri-ascunse-si-o-legislatie-care-nu-este-respectata\/\">Drepturile lingvistice ale minorit\u0103\u021bilor. Costuri ascunse \u0219i o legisla\u021bie care nu este respectat\u0103<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8222;Drepturile lingvistice ale minorit\u0103\u021bilor. Costuri ascunse \u0219i o legisla\u021bie care nu este respectat\u0103&#8221; &#8212; Sinopsis\" src=\"https:\/\/sinopsis.info.ro\/2022\/05\/26\/drepturile-lingvistice-ale-minoritatilor-costuri-ascunse-si-o-legislatie-care-nu-este-respectata\/embed\/#?secret=F9MVR4asv7#?secret=vgvRoWNwbs\" data-secret=\"vgvRoWNwbs\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption>The longer, Romanian version of the current article<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Illustration: Andr\u00e1s Sz\u00e9n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This article was co-produced by BIRN Romania and \u00c1tl\u00e1tsz\u00f3 Erd\u00e9ly and supported by the&nbsp;NewsSpectrum Fellowship&nbsp;through its programme to strengthen cooperation between majority and minority language press publications. This shortened English version was originally published on <a href=\"https:\/\/balkaninsight.com\/2022\/06\/15\/two-decades-on-romanias-minority-language-law-often-ignored\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Balkan Insight<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Minorities in Romania fought hard for the right to use their native tongue at the local level, but more than 20 years after the law changed, its implementation is patchy, BIRN and \u00c1tl\u00e1tsz\u00f3 Erd\u00e9ly have found.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":38154,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,1087],"tags":[2988,1040,2985,2986,2984,2989,2987,1567,1255],"ppma_author":[2990],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Does the Mother Tongue Cost Too Much? - \u00c1tl\u00e1tsz\u00f3 Erd\u00e9ly<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Language rights of national minorities are rarely upheld in Romanian public administration. 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Annak megsz\u0171n\u00e9se ut\u00e1n, 2014-2019. k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a F\u0151t\u00e9r.ro szerkeszt\u0151jek\u00e9nt dolgoztam, az\u00f3ta az \u00c1tl\u00e1tsz\u00f3 Erd\u00e9ly \u00fajs\u00e1g\u00edr\u00f3ja vagyok. 2025-ben a Bertha Challenge \u00f6szt\u00f6nd\u00edjasa vagyok.","url":"https:\/\/atlatszo.ro\/en\/author\/szabotunde\/"}]}},"authors":[{"term_id":2990,"user_id":15,"is_guest":0,"slug":"szabotunde","display_name":"Szab\u00f3 T\u00fcnde","avatar_url":{"url":"https:\/\/atlatszo.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/tunde.jpg","url2x":"https:\/\/atlatszo.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/tunde.jpg"},"user_url":"","last_name":"Szab\u00f3","first_name":"T\u00fcnde","description":"Szil\u00e1gynagyfaluban sz\u00fcletettem 1978-ban, jelenleg Kolozsv\u00e1ron \u00e9lek. 2008-ban bar\u00e1taimmal alap\u00edtottam a Manna.ro \u00e9lm\u00e9nyport\u00e1lt Bukarestben, amelyet 2009-t\u0151l Kolozsv\u00e1ron szerkesztett\u00fcnk. 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